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What is the first and most significant artistic expression of humanity? What innovations has

Venus of Willendorf

Venus of Willendorf

Brassempouy Venus

Kostenki Venus

Laussel Venus

Venus of Grimaldi

Lascaux, scene of the dead man

Lascaux, Chinese horse scene

Lascaux, swimming deer scene

Lascaux, hunting scenes

What is considered the first and most significant artistic expression of humanity? "Whereas it is probably an ancient work, would be valid as art cataloged even if he did not follow the academic pattern? Paco, Lima. Dear Paco

this question is very interesting because it questions the first significant work of art made by humans. One of the oldest human works is known is the Venus of Willendorf, 24.000 to 20.000 BC, measured 11.1 cm in height and 5.7 cm wide. The material of Venus is made of limestone and is colored with red ocher. There are several hypotheses for why it was done: as a good luck charm, the representation of a goddess who was the mother earth, which is the idealized representation of females with the ability to produce life. My theory is that it was a charm to promote fertility. The older work that is known is the Venus de Brassempouy, which is 30,000 BC, with only the head and neck of this piece. Although there are many Venus with the same characteristics as the Venus of Willendorf, such as Lespugue Venus, the Venus of Kostenki, Laussel Venus, Venus de Grimaldi, all older women with big breasts and bare, the Venus of Willendorf is the most famous because it has more aesthetic, is symmetrical, more realistic and humane.

Paco, to continue with your question, "What is the most significant artistic expression of humanity?, Should be the caves of Lascaux, 17.000 AC, southwest of France because these caves have six galleries containing approximately 2.000 figures can be grouped into three categories, animal, human and abstract. In the caves is the image of a bull over 5 meters long. Among the animals that are painted are bulls, bears, horses, rhinoceroses, bison and deer. There are no images of reindeer, which was his first feeding, so argues that the drawings were made for rites to celebrate the game and / or have power over the animals when they were before the hunt. Many of the bulls appear in motion, so there were only simple pictures. The fact that he was a very good artist.

Some drawings are more than three meters ground, that means that mobile scaffolding had to make these drawings on the walls and ceiling of the cave. There is a scene in the cave called "dead man" where there is an anthropomorphic figure (who looks human) that is a dead man's face bird. In front of the dead man is a dying bison which apparently killed the man who has the gut that are falling, wounded by an arrow and a spear visible. There is a bird on a stick, which could represent the afterlife of the deceased. Birds because they have the ability to fly are associated with gods. In another scene called "The Chinese Horse", you see arrows on the hunt for the horses. In another painting called "deer swimming" can be seen crossing the river deer. This narrative scene demonstrates the complexity of rock art and the artistic talent of those who made the drawings that lived in these caves. As there was no lighting in the cave, they had to light candles made from animal fat. Paco, by the magnitude of the paintings in the caves of Lascaux, I believe this is the most significant ancient work of mankind.

The last part of your question is very interesting because you say that if you label it as art would be valid even if there was a pattern of academic art. Art is all that is created, with a personal touch to beautify the world. This is the purpose of art in the time they did the paintings of the Lascaux caves made for two reasons, to decorate and embellish the caves and to shamanism about animals and hunting of these animals. Further, the figures are aesthetic and pleasing to see. This also shows that since the beginning of mankind, man has been an artist by nature and has lived with art.

Paco this is your second question on my blog so thank you very much. I hope my answer is to your satisfaction. Augusto


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Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci?

Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna of the Rocks 1483-86

The Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci, is one of the works that binds me. Within the Italian Renaissance marked a big change, Leonardo with this work schemes introduced innovations that broke at the time, I would like to know more about it. Clara, Lima


Dear Clara, Leonardo made two versions of this work with the same name. One is in the Louvre in Paris and the other is the National Gallery in London. The version of which I speak is in the Louvre, made in 1483-86. The two versions are almost identical with some details changed. The innovations that brought this picture are many, including the sfumato (gone is the smooth graduation of color and shadows to create depth and volume), Leonardo was the inventor of the technique. You can see the sfumato on the faces of all the characters, Mary, John the Baptist the small to the left, the archangel Gabriel to the right and the baby Jesus. The characters for the first time without aura, that was another innovation of Leonardo in this painting.

Another innovation brought by this work is the use of aerial perspective that can see through the cave in the rocks of the lighter color, the color degradation is used to create natural atmospheric effects human eye to create recession and distance. Another innovation was to have several stories in a single scene. Most artists of the time tell a story in his paintings, but Leonardo painted several works that told stories in a single scene. Perhaps the most important innovation was the creation of a pyramidal composition that was first made and that was a hallmark in almost all compositions of the Virgin Mary. The pyramidal composition gives more stability to the figures in the composition.

usually in works of the Virgin Mary made by other artists Giotto, Fra Filippo Lippi, Sandro Botticelli and Jan van Eyck's put a queen on a throne as queen of heaven, here puts Leonardo sitting on the floor making it more humble. The virgin has her right arm embracing John the Baptist. The different stories go at the same time, John the Baptist has his hands in a gesture of prayer to Christ. In turn, Christ blesses John the Baptist and also points to the sky, referring to the highest heavenly realm that Christ is predestined. The archangel Gabriel is pointing to John the Baptist is the messenger of salvation will be achieved through baptism and sacrifice of Christ. The angel has wings but they are very different to make it more human. The Virgin is represented in its role as a protector mother and breeder, pet makes a gesture of Christ with his left hand.

Clara important thing here is that the landscape is not real, is mystical and which is a spiritual landscape. In the back is pure rock that symbolizes strength, firmness and strength of God, also referred to the Bible in Psalm 92:15. To proclaim: The Lord is righteous, He is my rock and there is no injustice. On the rocks on the left is a cave that represents the maternal womb, also symbolizes the origin of life and resurrection since Christ was born in a cave and was buried in a cave. In the cave is a river that comes from the mountains outside. The water symbolizes cleansing properties the purity and innocence, in water baptism wash away sins of the past. It also has a Christian connotation in the Bible written in John 4:13-14. Everyone who drinks this water will thirst again, "Jesus replied, but whoever drinks the water I shall give him will never thirst, but within him that water will become a spring of water welling up to life eternal.

The Virgin has a mantle of blue sky and symbolizing the divine love. The mantle of the Virgin also has a yellow color, which symbolizes the sun and the color of God and divinity. The Virgin is represented as an idealized woman and perfect, with grace, strength and elegance. Gabriel has a red coat is the color of blood and fire, symbolizes love and power. John the Baptist and Christ is naked and that represents harmony with nature as well as in paradise clothing was not necessary. The plant anemone on the left below symbolizes death and mourning, has been associated with the crucifixion of Christ, because it appears in several paintings of the crucifixion below or near the cross. The red petals symbolize the blood of Christ. Behind John the Baptist is a palm plant also makes suggestion of a verse in the Bible in the chapter of Psalms 92:12. The righteous flourish like palm trees. Clara everything I paint Leonardo da Vinci in this picture has a very deep meaning. Clara I hope my answer was to your liking. Augusto


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Does the camera obscura influenced artists to make abstract art?

Gustave Courbet, Ornans Funeral (1849-1850) 314 x 663 cm

Gustave Courbet, The Studio: A Real Allegory (1855) 361 X 598 cm.

Edouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass (1863) 208 X 265 cm.

Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise (1872) 48 x 63 cm.

Van Gogh, Starry Night (1889) 72 X 92 cm.

Henri Matisse, The Joy of Life (1905-1906) 175 X 241 cm.

Pablo Picasso, Violin and Grapes (1912) 50.6 X 61 cm.

Vasily Kandinsky, Black Lines (1913) 129 X 129 cm.

Does the camera obscura influenced artists in the Renaissance and how it influenced other artists to abstract paint? Sandy, Dallas, Texas


camera obscura is Latin for "dark room" and is the optical phenomenon where light rays are placed upside down through a hole. The image is turned into a screen when it is parallel to the hole, that way you can copy the sketch on paper or cloth. The principle was known by Aristotle, 350 BC In the sixteenth century technology has improved the camera obscura. It was portable, the use of angled mirrors and lenses, the image could be more accurate. Was used as an aid to drawing, the subject rested and the image reflected in a paper that the artist made the sketch.

The camera obscura was an instrument used by artists because the perspective was more accurate and therefore increased the realism of the painting. It is known that the camera obscura had been known since the Renaissance, because Leonardo described it in his notebook Codex Atlanticus . Leonardo used the camera obscura to study the types of light as it is written is to study their treaty and shadow, perspective, water movement and the phenomenon of light. Sandy

to answer the first part of your question, little is known of the use of the camera obscura in Renaissance painting. Yes it was known by the artists, but the use of the camera obscura is not seen in his works. There are several generations of dark room and with each generation, the image was more faithful to the natural world. The Renaissance artist may have been influenced by the use of the camera obscura, but art researchers were unable to find any paintings made during the Renaissance that has been done with the help of the camera obscura.

However it is known that in the seventeenth century Vermeer and Canaletto in the eighteenth century used the camera obscura for the accuracy of the details and the aerial perspective of their works. When looking at some of his works seem a photograph, which is why art researchers have been able to say they used the camera obscura. Space and the look of Renaissance paintings are totally different from that of Vermeer and Canaletto. X-rays in some Vermeer paintings have shown traces of drawings at his web.

The camera obscura is the archetype of the modern camera invented in 1839 by Louis Daguerre. After the photograph was patented changed painting forever. The painter Paul Delaroche one of the most successful academic painters said "from today painting is dead." Because the painting was to imitate reality, but the daguerreotype was more accurate and real than any painting. Painters had to take a new paint aproche to get away from realistic as they tried to imitate.

Realism was the first movement art when the daguerreotype was patented. The painters took a new approach in his painting to create allegories drawn from real life that were almost impossible to make with the daguerreotype. Courbet also made to differentiate large pictures of the daguerreotype was small. It can be seen in the paintings of Courbet Burial at Ornans (1849-1850) that measures 6.63 meters long and allegorical painting The Studio: A Real Allegory (1855) of 5.98 meters. Another important artist Edouard Manet was realistic with his Luncheon on the Grass (1863) mixed a still life, portrait, landscape and creating 3 tracks in one box. While the daguerreotype photography only to portraits or still life only.

came after Impressionism Realism that for the first time in the history of art, the image was broken with heavy brush strokes that were supposed to be joined by the eyes of the beholder. This can be seen in the painting of the founder of Impressionism, Claude Monet Impression: Sunrise (1872). The next move was the Post-Impressionism Vincent Van Gogh to lead the way. The image is diluted even more, where every picture was made with thick brush strokes as seen in The Starry Night (1889). Realism was no longer in the minds of artists, they wanted to give emotion to the observer and creativity was very important.

While the picture was doing imitate painting portraits, landscapes and still lifes, painting is more real-world away. After the Post-Impressionism came Fauvism with Henri Matisse used color like never before. His painting was green and blue trunks, yellow, blue and red is the grass as in his painting The Joy of Life (1905-1906), changing the colors of the real world. Following the Fauves, Cubism came for the first time in 600 years broke the use of perspective since the Renaissance, the subject simultaneously seeing both sides and painted with monochrome and without perspective, as seen in the work of Pablo Picasso Violin and Grapes (1912). Cubism

Later came a movement based in Munich, Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) with Vasily Kandinsky leading this movement. He created the first nonobjective painting in 1913 with Black Lines box, where the lines and color take different values \u200b\u200bindependent of the other, created a dynamism and movement based on a total abstraction and not based on nature.

How can you observe, the artists used size, color, perspective and broke the image to be different from the picture when the daguerreotype was patented. Artists diluted the image, then color, immediately perspective and 74 years later made the first abstract painting. Sandy

most important thing is you have to remember is that we abstract painting because photography was invented and the first abstract painting was done by Kandinsky in 1913.

Thanks for your good question, if you have more questions send me them will gladly answer them. Augusto

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