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Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci?

Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna of the Rocks 1483-86

The Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci, is one of the works that binds me. Within the Italian Renaissance marked a big change, Leonardo with this work schemes introduced innovations that broke at the time, I would like to know more about it. Clara, Lima


Dear Clara, Leonardo made two versions of this work with the same name. One is in the Louvre in Paris and the other is the National Gallery in London. The version of which I speak is in the Louvre, made in 1483-86. The two versions are almost identical with some details changed. The innovations that brought this picture are many, including the sfumato (gone is the smooth graduation of color and shadows to create depth and volume), Leonardo was the inventor of the technique. You can see the sfumato on the faces of all the characters, Mary, John the Baptist the small to the left, the archangel Gabriel to the right and the baby Jesus. The characters for the first time without aura, that was another innovation of Leonardo in this painting.

Another innovation brought by this work is the use of aerial perspective that can see through the cave in the rocks of the lighter color, the color degradation is used to create natural atmospheric effects human eye to create recession and distance. Another innovation was to have several stories in a single scene. Most artists of the time tell a story in his paintings, but Leonardo painted several works that told stories in a single scene. Perhaps the most important innovation was the creation of a pyramidal composition that was first made and that was a hallmark in almost all compositions of the Virgin Mary. The pyramidal composition gives more stability to the figures in the composition.

usually in works of the Virgin Mary made by other artists Giotto, Fra Filippo Lippi, Sandro Botticelli and Jan van Eyck's put a queen on a throne as queen of heaven, here puts Leonardo sitting on the floor making it more humble. The virgin has her right arm embracing John the Baptist. The different stories go at the same time, John the Baptist has his hands in a gesture of prayer to Christ. In turn, Christ blesses John the Baptist and also points to the sky, referring to the highest heavenly realm that Christ is predestined. The archangel Gabriel is pointing to John the Baptist is the messenger of salvation will be achieved through baptism and sacrifice of Christ. The angel has wings but they are very different to make it more human. The Virgin is represented in its role as a protector mother and breeder, pet makes a gesture of Christ with his left hand.

Clara important thing here is that the landscape is not real, is mystical and which is a spiritual landscape. In the back is pure rock that symbolizes strength, firmness and strength of God, also referred to the Bible in Psalm 92:15. To proclaim: The Lord is righteous, He is my rock and there is no injustice. On the rocks on the left is a cave that represents the maternal womb, also symbolizes the origin of life and resurrection since Christ was born in a cave and was buried in a cave. In the cave is a river that comes from the mountains outside. The water symbolizes cleansing properties the purity and innocence, in water baptism wash away sins of the past. It also has a Christian connotation in the Bible written in John 4:13-14. Everyone who drinks this water will thirst again, "Jesus replied, but whoever drinks the water I shall give him will never thirst, but within him that water will become a spring of water welling up to life eternal.

The Virgin has a mantle of blue sky and symbolizing the divine love. The mantle of the Virgin also has a yellow color, which symbolizes the sun and the color of God and divinity. The Virgin is represented as an idealized woman and perfect, with grace, strength and elegance. Gabriel has a red coat is the color of blood and fire, symbolizes love and power. John the Baptist and Christ is naked and that represents harmony with nature as well as in paradise clothing was not necessary. The plant anemone on the left below symbolizes death and mourning, has been associated with the crucifixion of Christ, because it appears in several paintings of the crucifixion below or near the cross. The red petals symbolize the blood of Christ. Behind John the Baptist is a palm plant also makes suggestion of a verse in the Bible in the chapter of Psalms 92:12. The righteous flourish like palm trees. Clara everything I paint Leonardo da Vinci in this picture has a very deep meaning. Clara I hope my answer was to your liking. Augusto


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Does the camera obscura influenced artists to make abstract art?

Gustave Courbet, Ornans Funeral (1849-1850) 314 x 663 cm

Gustave Courbet, The Studio: A Real Allegory (1855) 361 X 598 cm.

Edouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass (1863) 208 X 265 cm.

Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise (1872) 48 x 63 cm.

Van Gogh, Starry Night (1889) 72 X 92 cm.

Henri Matisse, The Joy of Life (1905-1906) 175 X 241 cm.

Pablo Picasso, Violin and Grapes (1912) 50.6 X 61 cm.

Vasily Kandinsky, Black Lines (1913) 129 X 129 cm.

Does the camera obscura influenced artists in the Renaissance and how it influenced other artists to abstract paint? Sandy, Dallas, Texas


camera obscura is Latin for "dark room" and is the optical phenomenon where light rays are placed upside down through a hole. The image is turned into a screen when it is parallel to the hole, that way you can copy the sketch on paper or cloth. The principle was known by Aristotle, 350 BC In the sixteenth century technology has improved the camera obscura. It was portable, the use of angled mirrors and lenses, the image could be more accurate. Was used as an aid to drawing, the subject rested and the image reflected in a paper that the artist made the sketch.

The camera obscura was an instrument used by artists because the perspective was more accurate and therefore increased the realism of the painting. It is known that the camera obscura had been known since the Renaissance, because Leonardo described it in his notebook Codex Atlanticus . Leonardo used the camera obscura to study the types of light as it is written is to study their treaty and shadow, perspective, water movement and the phenomenon of light. Sandy

to answer the first part of your question, little is known of the use of the camera obscura in Renaissance painting. Yes it was known by the artists, but the use of the camera obscura is not seen in his works. There are several generations of dark room and with each generation, the image was more faithful to the natural world. The Renaissance artist may have been influenced by the use of the camera obscura, but art researchers were unable to find any paintings made during the Renaissance that has been done with the help of the camera obscura.

However it is known that in the seventeenth century Vermeer and Canaletto in the eighteenth century used the camera obscura for the accuracy of the details and the aerial perspective of their works. When looking at some of his works seem a photograph, which is why art researchers have been able to say they used the camera obscura. Space and the look of Renaissance paintings are totally different from that of Vermeer and Canaletto. X-rays in some Vermeer paintings have shown traces of drawings at his web.

The camera obscura is the archetype of the modern camera invented in 1839 by Louis Daguerre. After the photograph was patented changed painting forever. The painter Paul Delaroche one of the most successful academic painters said "from today painting is dead." Because the painting was to imitate reality, but the daguerreotype was more accurate and real than any painting. Painters had to take a new paint aproche to get away from realistic as they tried to imitate.

Realism was the first movement art when the daguerreotype was patented. The painters took a new approach in his painting to create allegories drawn from real life that were almost impossible to make with the daguerreotype. Courbet also made to differentiate large pictures of the daguerreotype was small. It can be seen in the paintings of Courbet Burial at Ornans (1849-1850) that measures 6.63 meters long and allegorical painting The Studio: A Real Allegory (1855) of 5.98 meters. Another important artist Edouard Manet was realistic with his Luncheon on the Grass (1863) mixed a still life, portrait, landscape and creating 3 tracks in one box. While the daguerreotype photography only to portraits or still life only.

came after Impressionism Realism that for the first time in the history of art, the image was broken with heavy brush strokes that were supposed to be joined by the eyes of the beholder. This can be seen in the painting of the founder of Impressionism, Claude Monet Impression: Sunrise (1872). The next move was the Post-Impressionism Vincent Van Gogh to lead the way. The image is diluted even more, where every picture was made with thick brush strokes as seen in The Starry Night (1889). Realism was no longer in the minds of artists, they wanted to give emotion to the observer and creativity was very important.

While the picture was doing imitate painting portraits, landscapes and still lifes, painting is more real-world away. After the Post-Impressionism came Fauvism with Henri Matisse used color like never before. His painting was green and blue trunks, yellow, blue and red is the grass as in his painting The Joy of Life (1905-1906), changing the colors of the real world. Following the Fauves, Cubism came for the first time in 600 years broke the use of perspective since the Renaissance, the subject simultaneously seeing both sides and painted with monochrome and without perspective, as seen in the work of Pablo Picasso Violin and Grapes (1912). Cubism

Later came a movement based in Munich, Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) with Vasily Kandinsky leading this movement. He created the first nonobjective painting in 1913 with Black Lines box, where the lines and color take different values \u200b\u200bindependent of the other, created a dynamism and movement based on a total abstraction and not based on nature.

How can you observe, the artists used size, color, perspective and broke the image to be different from the picture when the daguerreotype was patented. Artists diluted the image, then color, immediately perspective and 74 years later made the first abstract painting. Sandy

most important thing is you have to remember is that we abstract painting because photography was invented and the first abstract painting was done by Kandinsky in 1913.

Thanks for your good question, if you have more questions send me them will gladly answer them. Augusto

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What is the most important art movement?

Giotto

Botticelli

Leonardo da Vinci

Parmigianino

What
has been the most significant movement in the history of art and why? Edgard, Miami


Dear Edward, your question is very important and of general interest. The most important movement in art history has been the Renaissance because from there began the art to gain importance. So called because there was a revival of classical art, architecture, literature and science, which began in the fifteenth century and ended in the seventeenth century. Renaissance art was centered humanism inspired by the intellectuals of the era and the renewed interest in classical art of Greece and Rome. The first Renaissance painter Giotto is known, and Florence was the cradle of the Renaissance. Most are works by Giotto murals in churches while representing religious subjects were given a worldly aspect. The Renaissance was a great control of human anatomy, gestures, facial expressions and linear and aerial perspective. They also began to paint secular subjects themed classical legends, historical and religious themes.

The Renaissance was preceded by the Middle Ages, which lasted 10 centuries, from the V to the XV century. The architecture also became important in the Renaissance. As St. Peter's Basilica designed by Michelangelo, the most important architectural work of this movement.

The Renaissance has three stages, initial or early renaissance, going from 1400 to 1470, whose main exponents Sandro Botticelli, Paolo Uccello, Piero della Francesca, Masaccio, Filippo Lippi, Mantegna and Fra Angelico. The early Renaissance artists sought to create consistent ways in the real world and the challenge was to make sculptural forms in a vast space with the effects of light and color.

The High Renaissance, which lasted from 1480 to 1530, was held in Rome, not Florence as the early Renaissance. Did Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Donato Bramante, and Titian as the main operators. The High Renaissance was characterized by the development of ways of representing linear perspective, the air and the natural world, with great fidelity. Also by the sfumato (the soft shadows graduation creates depth and volume) of Leonardo can be seen in the lips of the Mona Lisa. Also use much the chiaroscuro (light and shade), which is the use of strong contrasts between light and shadow volumes to better emphasize certain objects or people. This stage is the pinnacle of Renaissance art.

The Late Renaissance and Mannerism is also called originated in Venice and then spread to Spain, Central and Northern Europe. Lasted from 1530 until 1600 when he began the Baroque period. Mannerism was a reaction against anti-classical and the validity of the ideal of beauty and calm and balance that defended the high Renaissance. Some mannerist figures were naked in awkward postures with limbs graceful, elongated proportions, highly stylized and lack of a clear perspective. He favored giving more emotion and distortion. Works done at this time reflected the tension that marked Europe at this time. The main exponents of the late Renaissance are, Fiorentino, Pontormo, Parmigianino, Bronzino and Giorgio Vasari, Tintoretto, Veronese and Arcimboldo.

Edgard, like I said, the Renaissance is important because the art was important at that time. I can also add that the Renaissance is the most significant move was made because the best-known works of the Western world today, the Mona Lisa and Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci. The Renaissance is also important because he started the modern era.

Thanks for your good question Edgard interest.

Augusto Chimpen